Settlement Cycle, Market Participants & Types of Trading ସେଟଲମେଣ୍ଟ ସାଇକେଲ୍, ମାର୍କେଟ୍ ନିବେଶକ ଏବଂ ଟ୍ରେଡିଂର ପ୍ରକାରଭେଦ
Visual breakdown of T+1/T+2 Settlement & Holidays, Retail vs. Institutional Investors (DII, FII, FDI, FPI, QIB, PSH), Market Timings, Trading Styles (Intraday, Swing, Commodity, Forex, Crypto, Arbitrage), and Market Capitalization.
T+1/T+2 ସେଟଲମେଣ୍ଟ ଏବଂ ଛୁଟିଦିନ, ବିଭିନ୍ନ ପ୍ରକାର ନିବେଶକ (Retail, HNI, DII, FII, QIB), ମାର୍କେଟ୍ ସମୟ, ଟ୍ରେଡିଂର ପ୍ରକାର ଏବଂ ମାର୍କେଟ୍ କ୍ୟାପିଟାଲାଇଜେସନ୍ ବିଷୟରେ ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଚିତ୍ରାତ୍ମକ ନୋଟ୍ସ।
Day 2 Class Recording
Watch lecture alongside visual notes (auto-hidden when printing)
Settlement Cycle (T+1 / T+2) & Settlement Holidays
ସେଟଲମେଣ୍ଟ ସାଇକେଲ୍ ଏବଂ ସେଟଲମେଣ୍ଟ ଛୁଟିଦିନ
When you buy shares, you don't buy from the company directly—you buy from multiple sellers in the secondary market. Transferring shares to your Demat account and cash to sellers takes T+1 (Tier 1) to T+2 (Tier 2) working days.
ଯେତେବେଳେ ଆପଣ ସେୟାର କିଣନ୍ତି, ସେୟାର ଆପଣଙ୍କ ଡିମାଟ୍ ଆକାଉଣ୍ଟକୁ ଆସିବା ଏବଂ ବିକ୍ରେତାଙ୍କୁ ଟଙ୍କା ଯିବା ପ୍ରକ୍ରିୟାକୁ Settlement କୁହାଯାଏ, ଯାହା T+1 ରୁ T+2 କାର୍ଯ୍ୟଦିବସ ନେଇଥାଏ।
Order Executed
You buy 5 shares (matched with 1–5 different sellers). If selling, ~70–80% funds reflect immediately.
ଆପଣ ସେୟାର କିଣିଲେ ବା ବିକିଲେ। ବିକ୍ରି କଲେ ୭୦–୮୦% ଟଙ୍କା ତୁରନ୍ତ ଦେଖାଯାଏ।
Clearing & DP Transfer
Shows as "T1 Holdings" in broker app. Remaining ~20% funds clear on sell orders.
ଆପ୍ରେ "T1" ଲେଖା ଦେଖାଯାଏ। ବାକି ୨୦% ଟଙ୍କା କ୍ଲିୟର ହୁଏ।
Full Ownership in Demat
Shares are fully credited to your CDSL/NSDL vault via PAN. Ready for withdrawal/pledge.
ସେୟାର ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଭାବେ ଆପଣଙ୍କ ଡିମାଟ୍ ଆକାଉଣ୍ଟରେ ଜମା ହୋଇଯାଏ।
If tomorrow is a bank/exchange holiday (e.g., Diwali), settlement pauses and shifts to the next working day. You cannot withdraw unsettled funds on holidays.
ଯଦି ପରଦିନ ଛୁଟି ଥାଏ, ତେବେ ସେଟଲମେଣ୍ଟ ପରବର୍ତ୍ତୀ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟଦିବସକୁ ଘୁଞ୍ଚିଯାଏ।
SEBI is testing Instant Settlement via UPI. Also, weekend market openings are Mock / Disaster Recovery Drills (testing backup sites like GIFT City, Ahmedabad).
SEBI ଖୁବ୍ ଶୀଘ୍ର UPI ମାଧ୍ୟମରେ ତୁରନ୍ତ ସେଟଲମେଣ୍ଟ ଆଣିବାକୁ ଯାଉଛି। ଶନିବାର/ରବିବାର ଟ୍ରେଡିଂ କେବଳ ମେଣ୍ଟେନାନ୍ସ ପାଇଁ ହୁଏ।
Who Moves the Market? (Types of Traders & Investors)
ମାର୍କେଟରେ କିଏ ଟଙ୍କା ଲଗାନ୍ତି? (ନିବେଶକଙ୍କ ପ୍ରକାରଭେଦ)
1. Retail Investors
ସାଧାରଣ ନିବେଶକ
Individual traders/investors with total market capital less than ₹10 Crore (or ₹2 Lakh limit in IPO retail category).
ଯେଉଁମାନଙ୍କର ପୁଞ୍ଜି ₹୧୦ କୋଟିରୁ କମ୍।
2. HNI Investors
High Net-Worth Individual
Individuals whose Demat portfolio value exceeds ₹10 Crore (excluding house/land property).
ଯେଉଁମାନଙ୍କର ଡିମାଟ୍ ପୋର୍ଟଫୋଲିଓ ମୂଲ୍ୟ ₹୧୦ କୋଟିରୁ ଅଧିକ।
3. DII (Domestic Giants)
ଘରୋଇ ସଂସ୍ଥାଗତ ନିବେଶକ
Indian institutions pooling public money: LIC (India's largest DII), Mutual Funds, AMCs, Banks, IIT/BHU Endowment funds.
ଭାରତୀୟ ସଂସ୍ଥା ଯଥା: LIC, ମ୍ୟୁଚୁଆଲ୍ ଫଣ୍ଡ, ବ୍ୟାଙ୍କ।
4. FII & FPI
ବିଦେଶୀ ସଂସ୍ଥାଗତ ନିବେଶକ
Foreign funds (e.g., BlackRock, Goldman Sachs) investing across Indian asset classes. Heavy FII buying drives bull rallies!
ବିଦେଶୀ କମ୍ପାନୀ (ଯଥା BlackRock) ଯେଉଁମାନେ ଭାରତୀୟ ମାର୍କେଟରେ ନିବେଶ କରନ୍ତି।
5. FDI (Direct Investment)
ପ୍ରତ୍ୟକ୍ଷ ବିଦେଶୀ ପୁଞ୍ଜି ନିବେଶ
Foreign entities building physical assets or acquiring stakes directly (vs. Bootstrapped firms built without external funds).
ବିଦେଶୀ କମ୍ପାନୀ ସିଧାସଳଖ ଭାରତରେ ପ୍ରୋଜେକ୍ଟ ବା କମ୍ପାନୀରେ ଟଙ୍କା ଲଗାଇବା।
6. QIB (Qualified Bidders)
Qualified Institutional Buyers
SEBI-accredited major institutions & large investors that subscribe to big chunks during IPOs and FPOs.
IPO ସମୟରେ ବଡ଼ ପରିମାଣର ସେୟାର କିଣୁଥିବା ପଞ୍ଜୀକୃତ ସଂସ୍ଥା।
7. Preferential Shareholders
ଅଗ୍ରାଧିକାର ସେୟାରଧାରୀ
Like Shark Tank debt/preference deals (min ₹10L+): they get fixed 7–10% return & are paid first before common shareholders.
ଏମାନଙ୍କୁ କମ୍ପାନୀ ଲାଭରୁ ପ୍ରଥମେ ୭–୧୦% ଫିକ୍ସଡ୍ ରିଟର୍ଣ୍ଣ ମିଳେ।
8. Promoters (Founders)
କମ୍ପାନୀର ମୂଳ ମାଲିକ
The founders and core owners who started and control the company (e.g., Mukesh Ambani for Reliance).
ଯେଉଁମାନେ କମ୍ପାନୀ ତିଆରି କରିଛନ୍ତି ଓ ପରିଚାଳନା କରନ୍ତି।
Indian Stock Market Timings & Closing Price Formula
ଭାରତୀୟ ଷ୍ଟକ୍ ମାର୍କେଟ୍ ସମୟ ସାରଣୀ ଏବଂ କ୍ଲୋଜିଂ ପ୍ରାଇସ୍
Pre-Market Session
• 9:00–9:07: Order entry & Block Deals happen.
• 9:08–9:15: Price matching (equilibrium price) to prevent wild gap openings.
୯:୦୦–୯:୦୭ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ବ୍ଲକ୍ ଡିଲ୍ ଓ ଅର୍ଡର ଏଣ୍ଟ୍ରି ହୁଏ; ୯:୦୮–୯:୧୫ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଓପନିଂ ପ୍ରାଇସ୍ ସ୍ଥିର ହୁଏ।
Normal Live Market
Continuous live buying & selling across Equity & Derivatives. (Commodity MCX runs till 11:30/11:55 PM).
ଏହି ସମୟ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଲାଇଭ୍ ସେୟାର କିଣାବିକା ଚାଲେ। (କମୋଡିଟି ମାର୍କେଟ୍ ରାତି ୧୧:୩୦ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ଚାଲେ)।
Post-Market & VWAP Close
Final closing price is calculated using VWAP (Volume Weighted Average Price) of the last 30 minutes (3:00–3:30 PM).
ଶେଷ ୩୦ ମିନିଟର VWAP ସୂତ୍ର ଅନୁଯାୟୀ ଦିନର ଅନ୍ତିମ କ୍ଲୋଜିଂ ପ୍ରାଇସ୍ ସ୍ଥିର ହୁଏ।
Types of Trading & Asset Classes
ଟ୍ରେଡିଂର ବିଭିନ୍ନ ପ୍ରକାରଭେଦ
⚡ 1. Intraday Trading
Same DayBuying and selling within the same day (9:15 AM – 3:30 PM). If you forget to exit, the broker triggers Auto Square-Off (around 3:15–3:20 PM) with a penalty fee.
ଗୋଟିଏ ଦିନ ଭିତରେ କିଣି ବିକ୍ରି କରିବା। ନ ବିକିଲେ ବ୍ରୋକର୍ Auto Square-Off କରିଦିଏ ଓ ପେନାଲ୍ଟି ଲାଗେ।
🌊 2. Swing Trading (Safest)
Days to MonthsEntering near support/swing low on breakouts and exiting at swing high. No same-day time pressure—ideal for working professionals & beginners.
ସପୋର୍ଟ ବା ବ୍ରେକଆଉଟ୍ରେ କିଣି କିଛି ଦିନ ବା ସପ୍ତାହ ରଖି ଲାଭରେ ବିକ୍ରି କରିବା। ଚାକିରିଆଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ଏହା ସବୁଠାରୁ ସୁରକ୍ଷିତ।
🛢️ 3. Commodity Trading
100% Legal (MCX)Trading essential raw materials on MCX: Crude Oil, Natural Gas, Gold, Silver, Copper, Zinc, Cotton, Soybean.
ଅଶୋଧିତ ତୈଳ (Crude Oil), ସୁନା, ରୂପା, ତମ୍ବା, ପ୍ରାକୃତିକ ଗ୍ୟାସ୍ ଇତ୍ୟାଦିରେ ଟ୍ରେଡିଂ।
💱 4. Currency / Forex
Regulated PairsTraded in pairs (USD/INR, GBP/INR, JPY/INR). Highest global volume, but unregulated foreign forex apps are illegal in India—avoid fake funded-account traps!
ମୁଦ୍ରା ଯୋଡ଼ି (USD/INR) ରେ ଟ୍ରେଡିଂ। ଭାରତରେ ବେଆଇନ ବିଦେଶୀ ଫରେକ୍ସ ଆପ୍ରୁ ଦୂରେଇ ରୁହନ୍ତୁ।
₿ 5. Cryptocurrency
24×7 DecentralizedCreated in 2008/09 (Satoshi Nakamoto) on Blockchain. Bitcoin has a fixed supply of 21 Million. High volatility & heavy tax/charges in India.
ବ୍ଲକଚେନ୍ ଟେକ୍ନୋଲୋଜି ଉପରେ ଆଧାରିତ ଡିଜିଟାଲ୍ ମୁଦ୍ରା (ଯଥା Bitcoin)। ଏଥିରେ ଅଧିକ ଟିକସ ଓ ରିସ୍କ୍ ଥାଏ।
⚖️ 6. Arbitrage & F&O
Price SpreadArbitrage: Buying a stock cheaper on NSE (₹100) and selling slightly higher on BSE (₹100.50) simultaneously. Derivatives: Futures & Options (covered in upcoming classes).
Arbitrage: NSE ରୁ କମ୍ ଦାମରେ କିଣି ସଙ୍ଗେ ସଙ୍ଗେ BSE ରେ ଅଧିକ ଦାମରେ ବିକ୍ରି କରିବା।
Colour prediction apps are illegal gambling—NOT trading. Always verify legitimacy and never fall for overnight money-doubling traps.
"କଲର୍ ଟ୍ରେଡିଂ" ଏକ ବେଆଇନ ଜୁଆ ଅଟେ, ଏହା ଷ୍ଟକ୍ ଟ୍ରେଡିଂ ନୁହେଁ। ରାତାରାତି ଟଙ୍କା ଦୁଇଗୁଣ କରିବା ଠକାମିରୁ ଦୂରେଇ ରୁହନ୍ତୁ।
Market Capitalization (Market Cap) & Age-Based Allocation
ମାର୍କେଟ୍ କ୍ୟାପିଟାଲାଇଜେସନ୍ ଏବଂ ବୟସ ଅନୁସାରେ ନିବେଶ ରଣନୀତି
Represents the total market price tag to buy 100% of a company (e.g., Elon Musk acquiring Twitter).
🏢 Large Cap
Value: Generally > ₹20,000 Cr
Established giants (Reliance, TCS, HDFC). Low volatility, steady & safe growth.
🏬 Mid Cap
Value: ~ ₹5,000 Cr – ₹20,000 Cr
Growing companies with balanced risk and strong expansion potential.
🌱 Small Cap
Value: Generally < ₹5,000 Cr
Young/smaller firms. High risk, high fluctuation, but highest multibagger growth potential.
🎯 Sir's Age-Based Risk & Capital Allocation Rule:
High risk-taking capacity & long time horizon → Can allocate up to ~70% in Small/Growth Caps + 30% Mid/Large.
Family responsibilities grow → Balanced focus on Mid Cap + Large Cap with calculated risk.
Capital protection priority → Focus primarily on Large Cap companies for stability.
🧠 Quick Revision Check (Click to Reveal) ତୁରନ୍ତ ଅଭ୍ୟାସ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନ
Q1. What is the minimum Demat portfolio value to be classified as an HNI?
Q2. Which institution is India's largest Domestic Institutional Investor (DII)?
Q3. How is the final closing price of a stock calculated at 3:30 PM?
📝 Day 2 Class Homework Checklist ଆଜିର ହୋମୱାର୍କ
Tick items as you complete them (auto-saved):